"Digital Photo Editing, Photo Retouch and Resize Photo." Digital Photo Tips, n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2011.
This article is written by a professional photographer and explains some of the simple, but very useful, features of photo editors. He argues for photo editing, but only tools that don't change the picture's meaning or alter the image into something entirely different. Some of the tools he advocates are: red eye removal, cropping, and background blurring. He explains exactly why these tools are useful, with examples. The article will be useful when talking about positive uses of photo editors.
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"Editing." How-To Help and Videos - For Dummies. For Dummies, n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2011.
This webpage has several sections dedicated to helping users of photo editors when they manipulate photos in various ways. The sections are broken down into easy-to-follow steps that are useful for any editor. Each step is accompanied by a photo that illustrates what the user should do at that point. I haven't put any of the tutorials into practice yet, so I don't know if they work for free photo editors, but the webpage can provide background information for my paper, as well as practical advice for my creative gallery.
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Gamerman, Ellen. "Yes, Virginia, There Is a Santa, and These Digital Photos Prove It." No Editing, 22 Dec. 2010. Web. 17 Feb. 2011.
This article is about the lengths to which parents go when trying to convince their children that Santa Claus is real, including digital editing software that they use to insert a depiction of Santa into a home photo. It reveals that parents are going to extreme measures, using photo editing to uphold the Santa myth after their children have stopped believing it. Much of the article deals with other technology like videotaping, blogging, and email, but the photo editing part of the article will be useful when writing about some of the negative uses of photo editing software.
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Gi Woong Yun, et al. "If Looks Could Kill: Digital Manipulation of Fashion Models." Journal of Mass Media Ethics 19.1 (2004): 56-71. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 28 Feb. 2011.
This academic article looks at the current controversy surrounding photo manipulation that makes models look thinner. The authors believe that while artistic license often allows magazines and other publications to edit a photo into whatever they want it to be, the effects on people who don't live up to the standards set by these manipulated images can be devastating. The article contains a study in which 89 college females were shown a picture of an extremely thin model and a picture of that same model, 'restored' to look merely thin instead of emaciated. The participants were asked questions about photo manipulation and their impressions of it. I'll use this study and the rest of the paper as a primary source in my discussion of the arguments against photo manipulation.
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Haggart, Rob. "This Photo Is Lying to You." Outside Online. Outside Magazine, Sept. 2009. Web. 28 Feb. 2011.
This essay by Rob Haggart, a freelance Photography Director, takes a strict stance against photo manipulation. Haggart strongly and clearly voices his objections to photo editing, citing numerous examples from various publications to illustrate his points. Throughout the essay, he asserts that there is a link between truth and photography that is broken with excessive manipulation, and that the public is increasingly demanding that photos represent reality. I agree with many of his points and disagree with a few others, so this will be a great resource to draw from when writing my paper.
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Hany Farid. "Photo Tampering Throughout History." Dartmouth College, n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2011.
This website contains numerous examples of photos from the 1800s to present day that have been altered. Each picture has a short explanation of the tampering, and many have a link to a copy of the original photo. The site shows both the history of photo editing as well as the various ways that a photo can be 'enhanced' or 'altered' for a wide range of purposes. I will use this website for its historical background and the examples that it provides.
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"Heritage Information Center." The Hubble Heritage Project Website. The Hubble Heritage Project, n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2011.
This section of the Hubble Heritage website details the exact process that photo editors go through to produce the images hosted on the site. "Color Composition" explains how the images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope are cleaned up and infused with color, and "Final Images" uses various photos as examples when explaining the finer details of the photo editing process. This project will be the main example of positive uses of photo editors in my paper.
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Heussner, K. “11 Photo-Editing Flubs: Ralph Lauren Ad Sparks Controversy.” ABC News, 8 Oct. 2009. Web. 20 Feb. 2011.
This news article describes 11 photo-editing mishaps that resulted in negative publicity for companies like Ralph Lauren and Microsoft. The article explains each incident and its circumstances in detail, and (in most cases) provides the photos, sometimes with the original, unaltered version. It also includes quotes from experts, editors, and journalists. I will use the examples that it provides, as well as many of the quotes.
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Lowrey, Wilson. "Normative Conflict in the Newsroom: The Case of Digital Photo Manipulation." Journal of Mass Media Ethics 18.2 (2003): 123. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 28 Feb. 2011.
This academic article involves a study of newsrooms and their values systems as they relate to digital photo manipulation. The authors believe that there are subgroups within newsrooms that have different views of what is important--for one, it is journalism, for another it is art, and the third group cares more about the publication itself. Instead of condemning photo editing immediately, the authors objectively study the factors that contribute to higher likelihood of editing and its motivating factors. This article will provide unique data that I can use to present both sides of the argument equally in my paper.
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"Photo Restoration I." MyJanee.com - Graphic Creations and Photoshop Resources, n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2011.
This tutorial explains the process of restoring damaged or worn photographs. The author explains different perspectives on photo restoration and different ways that editors look at the restoration process in terms of how much editing to do. This is one of the 'positive' types of photo editing that I'll talk about in my paper, and I may do some photo restoration for my creative gallery as well.
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“What's Possible With PhotoShop.” Proof Positive, 27 Oct. 2010. Web. 17 Feb. 2011.
This is a video that shows many of the features of Photoshop being practiced on various photos. It demonstrates simple features, like red-eye removal, as well as more complex image manipulations. The video isn't meant to be a tutorial, but it is useful in highlighting some of the main uses of Photoshop. I can use the video when explaining the types of image altering that are possible with photo editors.
